top of page

ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช - ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ


ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’? ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”

ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ \ ืฆืžื™ื’ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ื—, ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืื• ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘.

ืื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื“ ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ.

ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•.

ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื’ืจืจ ืื• ืขื–ืจื” ืžืคื ืฆืจื™ื”.

  • ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืคืจืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ื’ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ื”ืชืงืจ.

  • ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ.

  • ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ืืคื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื–ื”ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง.

ื’ืœื’ืœ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื’'ืง ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ

ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ืกืจ ื—ืœืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืฆืžื ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื.

  • ืฆืžื™ื’ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™

  • ื’'ืง (ืžื’ื‘ื”)

  • ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื

  • ืžื•ื˜ ืžืคืชื— ืœื’'ืง

  • ืžื‘ืจื’

  • ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืืคื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื–ื”ืจื”

ืฆืžื™ื’ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื˜ื™ื—, ื‘ื’'ื™ืค ื’ืœื’ืœ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื“ืœืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ.

ื”ื’'ืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืคืชื— ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืื• ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื•.

ืฆืžื™ื’ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื˜ื™ื—, ื‘ื’'ื™ืค ื’ืœื’ืœ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื“ืœืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”  ืžืื—ื•ืจ.

ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ

1) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช:

  1. ืฆืžื™ื’ ืจื–ืจื‘ื™

  2. ื’'ืง (ืžื’ื‘ื”)

  3. ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื

  4. ืžื•ื˜ ืžืคืชื— ืœื’'ืง

  5. ืžื‘ืจื’

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ (ื˜ืกื”) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื‘ืจื’, ืข"ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื‘ืจื’ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืขื–ืจื” ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.

ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื˜ืกื” ืขื ืžื‘ืจื’ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฆืžื™ื’

2) ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื.

ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืฆื“ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื•ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื’.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื, ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืคื’ืข.

ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืฆืœื‘ื” \ ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื.

ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืฃ

3) ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ื’'ืง (ืžื’ื‘ื”) ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ.

ืื™ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืœืžืงื ืืช ื”ื’'ืง? ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืกื ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื’'ืง ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืฉืงืข ืื• ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื’'ืง (ืžื’ื‘ื”) ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืื™ืชื• ืข"ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.

--- ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืืœ, ื”ื’'ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข.

4) ื›ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื’ืข ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืชืงืจ ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื ืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืืš ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืื•ืชื, ื ืขื™ืœื” ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ื’'ืง.

ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ

5) ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื’'ืง

ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื’ื™ื.

ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ืš.

6) ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืชืงื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ืฆืจื™ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจ ืœืคื ืฆืจื™ื” ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื™ืชื• ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช- ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขื“ ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื ืฆืจื™ื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืขื ื”ืชืงืจ.

ืžื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘?

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคื ืฆืจื™ื”, ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ืœ-60 ืฉ"ื—.

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคื ืฆืจื™ื”.

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ.

ืžืชื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ?

  • ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงืจ (ืคื ืฆ'ืจ) ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ (ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื) ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ื›ืชืฃ ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’, ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžืก ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื– ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“.

  • ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ืฉื—ื•ืง ืื• ื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.

ืžืชื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ

ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ืชืงืœืชื ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ืœื’ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ

ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื ืคื ืฆ'ืจ

ืชื™ื•ื’ื™ื:

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
ื“ืฃ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื
ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื ื•
bottom of page